Learn Aramaic · The Beatitudes in Aramaic
Days 31 to 42 · The vocabulary of the Beatitudes

The Beatitudes in Aramaic

Tuvehon, for memory

The nine sayings Yeshua opened the teaching with, Matthew 5:3–12, in Galilean Aramaic, the dialect he spoke. Hebrew script above, the sound beneath it, the English it carries. Turn the layers off as you learn: with both hidden, only the Aramaic remains.

5:3
טוביהון למיסכינייא ברוח דדילהון היא מלכותא דשמיא
tuvehon l-miskenayya b-ruḥ d-dhilehon hi malkhutha dishmayya
too-vey-hohn · l'-mis-key-nai-yah · b'-rooḥ · d'-dhee-l'hohn · hee · mal-khoo-thah · dish-mai-yah
Fortunate are those poor in Ruha, for the reign of the heavens is theirs.
5:4
טוביהון לאבילייא דהינון יתנחמון
tuvehon lavilayya d-hinnun yithnaḥmun
too-vey-hohn · la-vee-lai-yah · d'-hin-noon · yith-naḥ-moon
Fortunate are those who are mourning, for they will be comforted.
5:5
טוביהון למכיכייא דהינון ירתון לארעא
tuvehon l-makkikhayya d-hinnun yerethun l-arʿa
too-vey-hohn · l'-mak-kee-khai-yah · d'-hin-noon · yey-r'thoon · l'-ar-ʿah
Fortunate are those who are softening, for they will inherit the earth.
5:6
טוביהון להלין דכפנין וצהיי לכאנותא דהינון יסבעון
tuvehon l-halen d-khafenin w-tsahay l-khenutha d-hinnun yisbeʿun
too-vey-hohn · l'-ha-leyn · d'-kha-f'neen · w'-tsa-hai · l'-khey-noo-thah · d'-hin-noon · yis-b'ʿoon
Fortunate are those hungering and thirsting for what is right, for they will be filled.
5:7
טוביהון לרחמנייא דעליהון יהוון רחמייא
tuvehon l-raḥmanayya daʿlehon yihwon raḥmayya
too-vey-hohn · l'-raḥ-ma-nai-yah · daʿ-ley-hohn · yih-wohn · raḥ-mai-yah
Fortunate are those giving compassion, for compassion will be given them.
5:8
טוביהון להלין דדכיי בלבהון דהינון ייחמון לאלהא
tuvehon l-halen didhkhay b-libbehon d-hinnun yiḥmon lelaha
too-vey-hohn · l'-ha-leyn · didh-khai · b'-lib-b'hohn · d'-hin-noon · yiḥ-mohn · ley-la-hah
Fortunate are those being pure in heart, for they will see God.
5:9
טוביהון לעבדי שלמא דבנוי דאלהא יתקרון
tuvehon l-ʿavedhe shelama divnoy delaha yithqeron
too-vey-hohn · l'-ʿa-v'dhey · sh'la-mah · div-noy · dey-la-hah · yith-q'rohn
Fortunate are those making wholeness, for they will be called children of God.
5:10
טוביהון להלין דאיתרדפון בגין כאנותא דדילהון היא מלכותא דשמיא
tuvehon l-halen d-ithredhifun beghin kenutha d-dhilehon hi malkhutha dishmayya
too-vey-hohn · l'-ha-leyn · d'-ith-r'dhi-foon · b'gheen · key-noo-thah · d'-dhee-l'hohn · hee · mal-khoo-thah · dish-mai-yah
Fortunate are those driven out for the sake of what is right, for the reign of the heavens is theirs.
5:11
טוביכון אימת דמחסדין לכון ורדפין לכון ואמרין עליכון כל מילה בישה בגיני בדגלותא
tuvekhon emath dimḥassedhin lekhon w-radhefin lekhon w-amerin ʿalekhon kol milla bisha beghini b-dhaggalutha
too-vey-khohn · ey-math · dim-ḥas-s'dheen · l'khohn · w'-ra-dh'feen · l'khohn · w'-a-m'reen · ʿa-ley-khohn · kol · mil-lah · bee-shah · b'ghee-nee · b'-dhag-ga-loo-thah
Fortunate are you when they revile you and drive you out and falsely say every kind of wrong against you because of me.
5:12
הידין חדון ורוזון דאגרכון סגי בשמיא הכין גיר רדפון לנבייא דמן קודמיכון
hayden ḥadhon urwazun d-aghrekhon saggi bishmayya hakhen ger redhafun linviyyayya d-min qodhamekhon
hai-deyn · ḥa-dhohn · oor-wa-zoon · d'-agh-r'khohn · sag-gee · bish-mai-yah · ha-kheyn · geyr · r'dha-foon · lin-viy-yai-yah · d'-min · qo-dha-mey-khohn
Rejoice and be glad, for your reward in the heavens is great. They drove out the prophets before you the very same way.
See the Syriac pronunciation

The Peshitta’s own words for these lines, in Syriac script, with a simple reading that follows the printed West Syriac vowel signs (the long a is read o). Sung in church it differs a little: a soft b is usually said b and p is said f (abun d-bashmayo), and East Syriac keeps the long a (shmayya). No syllable is marked for stress, and the wording differs from the Galilean above in a good many words.

5:3
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܡܶܣܟ݁ܺܢܶܐ ܒ݁ܪܽܘܚ ܕ݁ܕ݂ܺܝܠܗܽܘܢ ܗ݈ܺܝ ܡܰܠܟ݁ܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ
tuvayhun l-meskine b-ruḥ d-dhilhun i malkutho dashmayo
5:4
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܒ݂ܺܝܠܶܐ ܕ݁ܗܶܢܽܘܢ ܢܶܬ݂ܒ݁ܰܝܐܘܽܢ
tuvayhun lavile d-henun nethbayun
5:5
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܡܰܟ݁ܺܝܟ݂ܶܐ ܕ݁ܗܶܢܽܘܢ ܢܺܐܪܬ݂ܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܪܥܳܐ
tuvayhun l-makikhe d-henun nirthun larʿo
5:6
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܟ݂ܰܦ݂ܢܺܝܢ ܘܰܨܗܶܝܢ ܠܟ݂ܺܐܢܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܗܶܢܽܘܢ ܢܶܣܒ݁ܥܽܘܢ
tuvayhun laylen d-khafnin watshen l-khinutho d-henun nesbʿun
5:7
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܡܪܰܚܡܳܢܶܐ ܕ݁ܰܥܠܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܢܶܗܘܽܘܢ ܪܰܚܡܶܐ
tuvayhun lamraḥmone daʿlayhun nehwun raḥme
5:8
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܰܕ݂ܟ݂ܶܝܢ ܒ݁ܠܶܒ݁ܗܽܘܢ ܕ݁ܗܶܢܽܘܢ ܢܶܚܙܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ
tuvayhun laylen dadhkhen b-lebhun d-henun neḥzun laloho
5:9
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܥܳܒ݂ܕ݁ܰܝ ܫܠܳܡܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܒ݂ܢܰܘܗ݈ܝ ܕ݁ܰܐܠܳܗܳܐ ܢܶܬ݂ܩܪܽܘܢ
tuvayhun l-ʿovday shlomo davnaw daloho nethqrun
5:10
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܗܽܘܢ ܠܰܐܝܠܶܝܢ ܕ݁ܶܐܬ݂ܪܕ݂ܶܦ݂ܘ ܡܶܛܽܠ ܟ݁ܺܐܢܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܕ݂ܺܝܠܗܽܘܢ ܗ݈ܺܝ ܡܰܠܟ݁ܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ ܕ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ
tuvayhun laylen dethrdhef metul kinutho d-dhilhun i malkutho dashmayo
5:11
ܛܽܘܒ݂ܰܝܟ݁ܽܘܢ ܐܶܡܰܬ݂ܝ ܕ݁ܰܡܚܰܣܕ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܟ݂ܽܘܢ ܘܪܳܕ݂ܦ݁ܺܝܢ ܠܟ݂ܽܘܢ ܘܳܐܡܪܺܝܢ ܥܠܰܝܟ݁ܽܘܢ ܟ݁ܽܠ ܡܶܠܳܐ ܒ݁ܺܝܫܳܐ ܡܶܛܽܠܳܬ݂ܝ ܒ݁ܕ݂ܰܓ݁ܳܠܽܘܬ݂ܳܐ
tuvaykun emath damḥasdin lkhun w-rodhpin lkhun womrin ʿlaykun kul melo bisho metuloth b-dhagolutho
5:12
ܗܳܝܕ݁ܶܝܢ ܚܕ݂ܰܘ ܘܰܪܘܰܙܘ ܕ݁ܰܐܓ݂ܪܟ݂ܽܘܢ ܣܓ݂ܺܝ ܒ݁ܰܫܡܰܝܳܐ ܗܳܟ݂ܰܢܳܐ ܓ݁ܶܝܪ ܪܕ݂ܰܦ݂ܘ ܠܰܢܒ݂ܺܝܶܐ ܕ݁ܡܶܢ ܩܕ݂ܳܡܰܝܟ݁ܽܘܢ
hoyden ḥdhaw warwaz daghrkhun sghi bashmayo hokhano ger rdhaf lanviye d-men qdhomaykun

a as in father · o as in go · e as in bed · i as in see · u as in food · kh as in Bach · gh is kh voiced · th as in thin · dh as in this · ts the deep, emphatic s (ṣ) · q a k far back in the throat · ḥ a strong h from low in the throat · ʿ a tightening low in the throat · in this reading a hyphen after d-, l-, b-, w- marks a quick, light vowel.

About this text

This is a reconstruction of Galilean Aramaic, the dialect Yeshua spoke. The Peshitta (the Syriac Gospels) sets the word order and the shape of each line; the words are Galilean or other Western Aramaic wherever those sources attest one, and otherwise the Peshitta’s word in Galilean form. So it differs from the Peshitta in a good many words. The sounds are reconstructed from texts written centuries after Yeshua. The English is the Qala rendering.

Saying it. No syllable is marked for stress, since where it fell is not known for certain. ’ is a quick, light vowel; a hyphen before a vowel is a slight catch; doubled letters are held longer. a as in father · ai as in aisle · ey as in they and o as in go, both held steady · i as in bit · ee as in see · oo as in food · oy as in boy · kh as in Bach · gh is kh voiced · th as in thin · dh as in this · ts a deep, emphatic s · q a k far back in the throat · ḥ a strong h from low in the throat, not kh · ʿ a tightening low in the throat, like the start of a gulp.