The Essays

The case for listening beneath the Greek at all: what a verb-based root language does to concepts like spirit, kingdom, and repentance. And where the firm ground actually ends. Given as a talk; read it or listen.

Where English says “save,” the substrate says four different things: living, setting free, rescuing, healing. How 43 verses were recast, and what “the Life-Giver of the world” restores.

Synagogue scrolls were Hebrew scrolls. Why the 88 Old Testament quotations render from the Hebrew source, and what happens when an evangelist’s point rests on the Greek version instead.

Yeshua spoke Western Aramaic; most witnesses are Eastern. An honest census of the Palestinian Aramaic evidence in this rendering, and the sources that could grow it.